Scrum Framework: A Complete Guide with Examples and Real-Time Scenarios

Introduction to Scrum Framework

The Scrum Framework is one of the most popular Agile frameworks used to manage complex product development and software projects. It promotes collaboration, transparency, and iterative progress toward well-defined goals.

Scrum is based on empirical process control theory—meaning progress is based on observation and experimentation, not detailed upfront planning.

For more detailed understanding of Agile Methodology, you can refer to our article on Agile Methodology for Business Analysts.

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What is Scrum Framework?

The Scrum Framework is a lightweight framework that helps teams generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. It follows an iterative and incremental approach and is structured around:

1. Three Roles

2. Five Events

3. Three Artifacts

Let’s explain each in detail.

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Scrum Roles: Who Does What?

1. Product Owner

• Responsibilities:

  • Defines the product backlog.

  • Prioritizes items based on business value.

  • Represents customer and business interests.

• Example:
  In a banking software project, the Product Owner decides that the ‘Net Banking Fund Transfer’ feature is more important than the ‘New User Onboarding’ based on customer demand.

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2. Scrum Master

• Responsibilities:

  • Acts as a servant-leader for the team.

  • Ensures Scrum practices are followed.

  • Removes obstacles (impediments).

• Example:
  When developers are stuck waiting for database access, the Scrum Master coordinates with the IT department to provide immediate access, ensuring sprint goals stay on track.

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3. Development Team

• Responsibilities:

  • Self-organizing and cross-functional.

  • Delivers potentially shippable product increments at the end of each sprint.

• Example:
  A team consisting of UI designers, backend developers, and testers work together to deliver a new loan application feature.

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The Business Analyst Role in Scrum

In Scrum, Business Analyst (BA) is not an official Scrum role, but in real-time projects, BAs play a crucial supporting role:

• Helps the Product Owner refine and maintain the product backlog.

• Facilitates requirement clarification between stakeholders and development team.

• Provides process modeling and requirement elicitation.

Real-Time Scenario:
In an eCommerce project, the BA works with the Product Owner to clearly define user stories for features like ‘Discount Coupon Application’, ensuring the development team understands all conditions and acceptance criteria.

For more on the BA role in Agile, read: Agile Business Analyst Responsibilities.

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Scrum Events (Ceremonies)

1. Sprint Planning

• Sets the stage for the sprint by selecting the highest priority backlog items.

• Real Example:
  In a fintech app upgrade, Sprint Planning is used to finalize “adding biometric login” feature for the next 2-week sprint.

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2. Daily Scrum (Stand-up)

• 15-minute daily sync to discuss:

  • What was done?

  • What will be done?

  • Any blockers?

• Real Example:
  Developers report that the payment gateway API is throwing errors during Daily Scrum, and the Scrum Master resolves the issue with the third-party vendor.

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3. Sprint Review

• Demonstration of the Increment (working product) to stakeholders.

• Real Example:
  The team demonstrates the “Loan EMI calculator” module to the Product Owner and key stakeholders to collect feedback.

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4. Sprint Retrospective

• Team discusses what went well, what didn’t, and how to improve in the next Sprint.

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5. Sprint

• Time-boxed iteration (usually 2-4 weeks) where work is executed to deliver a usable product increment.

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Scrum Artifacts

1. Product Backlog

• A living list of features, enhancements, fixes maintained by the Product Owner.

• Example:
  In a healthcare app, the Product Backlog may include items like “Patient appointment booking” and “Medicine delivery tracking.”

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2. Sprint Backlog

• Selected Product Backlog items for a Sprint, plus a plan to deliver them.

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3. Increment

• The usable end-product from a Sprint.

• Example:
  After Sprint 1, the team delivers a working login module for testing.

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Real-Time Example of Scrum Implementation

Project: Mobile Banking App Enhancement

• Business Requirement: Introduce a ‘Voice Assistant Feature’ for ease of use.

• Scrum Approach:

  • Product Owner refines the backlog item “Voice Assistant”.

  • BA helps break this into user stories like “As a user, I want to check account balance using voice commands”.

  • Sprint Planning: Development team picks this story.

  • Daily Scrums highlight delay due to third-party API unavailability. Scrum Master resolves the blocker.

  • After the sprint, a working prototype is demoed in the Sprint Review.

  • Retrospective identifies the need to vet third-party dependencies earlier in future sprints.

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Advantages of Scrum Framework

✔ Faster Product Delivery
✔ Improved Collaboration
✔ Early Detection of Issues
✔ High Transparency

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Challenges in Scrum (and How to Overcome)

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Useful External Resources

• Scrum Guide (Official)

• Agile Alliance – Scrum

• Scrum.org Learning Resources

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Conclusion

The Scrum Framework empowers teams to handle complex projects by breaking them into manageable chunks, promoting communication, and delivering continuous value. Business Analysts, though unofficial in Scrum, play a key role in requirement clarity and stakeholder communication.

For more practical insights into BA roles in Agile, explore:
👉 Agile Business Analyst vs Traditional Business Analyst

Internal Links:

• Agile Business Analyst Responsibilities

• Agile Methodology for Business Analysts

• User Story Writing Best Practices

External Links:

• The Scrum Guide

• Scrum Alliance